Introduction to Linked List
What is a Linked List?
A Linked List is a linear data structure where elements (nodes) are not stored at contiguous memory locations. Each node contains a value and a pointer (reference) to the next node in the sequence. Unlike arrays, linked lists can easily grow and shrink in size, making them ideal for dynamic memory management.
Key Characteristics
- Each node contains data and a pointer to the next node.
- Nodes are not stored in contiguous memory.
- Dynamic size: can grow or shrink during execution.
- Efficient insertion and deletion from anywhere in the list.
- Can be used to implement complex data structures like stacks, queues, graphs, and polynomials.
Real-World Analogy
Imagine a treasure hunt where each clue (node) gives you the location of the next clue. You can't skip ahead; you must follow the chain one by one. Similarly, in a linked list, you must follow each node's pointer to reach the next node.
Another analogy: Think of a train where each coach (node) is connected to the next. You can add or remove coaches easily, but to reach a specific coach, you must pass through all previous ones.
Visualization
Each box is a node. The arrow shows the pointer to the next node. The last node points to NULL.
